1方向和位置

　　1 Direction and Position

　　許多閥門具有方向性

　　Many valves have directionality

　　例如截止閥、節(jié)流閥、減壓閥、止回閥等，如果裝倒裝反，就會(huì)影響使用效果與壽命（如節(jié)流閥），或者根本不起作用（如減壓閥），甚至造成危險(xiǎn)（如止回閥）。一般閥門，在閥體上有方向標(biāo)志。萬一沒有，應(yīng)根據(jù)閥門工作原理，正確識(shí)別。

　　For example, globe valves, throttle valves, pressure reducing valves, check valves, etc., if installed upside down, it will affect the effectiveness and service life (such as throttle valves), or not work at all (such as pressure reducing valves), and even cause danger (such as check valves). General valves have directional markings on the valve body. If not, it should be correctly identified based on the working principle of the valve.

　　截止閥的閥腔左右不對稱，流體要讓其由下而上通過閥口，這樣流體阻力小（由形狀所決定），開啟省力（因介質(zhì)壓力向上），關(guān)閉后介質(zhì)不壓填料，便于檢修，這就是截止閥為什么不可安反的道理。其它閥門也有各自的特性。

　　The valve chamber of the globe valve is asymmetric on both sides, and the fluid should be allowed to pass through the valve port from bottom to top, so that the fluid resistance is small (determined by its shape), and opening is effortless (due to the upward pressure of the medium). After closing, the medium does not pressure the packing, making it easy to maintain. This is why the globe valve cannot be reversed. Other valves also have their own characteristics.

　　閥門安裝位置，必須方便于操作

　　The installation position of the valve must be convenient for operation

　　即使安裝暫時(shí)困難些，也要為操作人員的長期工作著想。最好閥門手輪與胸口取齊（一般離操作地坪1.2米），這樣，開閉閥門比較省勁。落地閥門手輪要朝上，不要傾斜，以免操作別扭?？繅C(jī)靠設(shè)備的閥門，也要留出操作人員站立余地。

　　Even if installation is temporarily difficult, consideration should be given to the long-term work of the operators. It is best to align the valve handwheel with the chest (usually 1.2 meters away from the operating floor), so that opening and closing the valve is more effortless. The handwheel of the landing valve should be facing upwards and not tilted to avoid awkward operation. The valve of the wall mounted machine and equipment should also leave room for the operator to stand.

　　要避免仰天操作，尤其是酸堿、有毒介質(zhì)等，否則很不安全。

　　Avoid high-altitude operations, especially with acidic, alkaline, toxic media, etc., otherwise it is very unsafe.

　　閘門不要倒裝（即手輪向下），否則會(huì)使介質(zhì)長期留存在閥蓋空間，容易腐蝕閥桿，而且為某些工藝要求所禁忌。同時(shí)更換填料極不方便。明桿閘閥，不要安裝在地下，否則由于潮濕而腐蝕外露的閥桿。

　　The gate should not be inverted (i.e. the handwheel should be turned downwards), otherwise the medium will remain in the valve cover space for a long time, which is easy to corrode the valve stem and is prohibited by certain process requirements. Simultaneously replacing the packing is extremely inconvenient. Bright stem gate valves should not be installed underground, otherwise the exposed valve stem may corrode due to moisture.

　　升降式止回閥，安裝時(shí)要保證其閥瓣垂直，以便升降靈活。旋啟式止回閥，安裝時(shí)要保證其銷軸水平，以便旋啟靈活。減壓閥要直立安裝在水平管道上，各個(gè)方向都不要傾斜。

　　When installing a lift check valve, ensure that its valve disc is vertical for flexible lifting. When installing a rotary check valve, ensure that its pin shaft is horizontal for flexible rotation. The pressure reducing valve should be installed upright on a horizontal pipeline, without tilting in any direction.

　　2施工作業(yè)

　　2 Construction operations

　　安裝施工必須小心，切忌撞擊脆性材料制作的閥門。

　　Caution must be exercised during installation and construction to avoid hitting valves made of brittle materials.

　　安裝前

　　Before installation

　　應(yīng)仔細(xì)核對所有閥門的型號與規(guī)格是否符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。（根據(jù)閥門型號和出廠說明書，檢查它們是否可以在所要求的條件下應(yīng)用，必要時(shí)作水壓或氣壓試驗(yàn)。）

　　All valve models and specifications should be carefully checked to ensure they meet the design requirements. (According to the valve model and factory manual, check if they can be used under the required conditions, and if necessary, conduct a water or air pressure test.)

　　此外，還應(yīng)檢查填料是否完好，壓蓋螺栓有否足夠的調(diào)節(jié)余量，并要檢查閥桿和閥盤是否靈話，有無卡住和歪斜現(xiàn)象。

　　In addition, it is necessary to check whether the packing is intact, whether the gland bolts have sufficient adjustment allowance, and whether the valve stem and disc are flexible, whether they are stuck or skewed.

　　（閥盤密封面必須關(guān)閉嚴(yán)密，對螺紋連接的閥門，應(yīng)檢查螺紋質(zhì)量。不合格的閥門不能進(jìn)行安裝，并應(yīng)另行堆放或做好標(biāo)記。）

　　The sealing surface of the valve disc must be tightly closed. For valves with threaded connections, the quality of the threads should be checked. Unqualified valves cannot be installed and should be stacked separately or marked properly

　　清除閥內(nèi)的雜物。

　　Remove debris from the valve.

　　安裝過程

　　setup script

　　閥門起吊時(shí)，繩子不要系在手輪或閥桿上，以免損壞這些部件，應(yīng)該系在法蘭上。

　　When lifting the valve, do not tie the rope to the handwheel or valve stem to avoid damaging these components. It should be tied to the flange.

　　對于閥門所連接的管路，一定要清掃干凈。

　　The pipeline connected to the valve must be cleaned thoroughly.

　　可用壓縮空氣吹去氧化鐵屑、泥砂、焊渣和其他雜物。這些雜物，不但容易擦傷閥門的密封面，其中大顆粒雜物（如焊渣），還能堵死小閥門，使其失效。

　　Compressed air can be used to blow away iron oxide chips, mud and sand, welding slag, and other debris. These debris not only easily scratch the sealing surface of the valve, but also large particles of debris (such as welding slag) can block small valves and cause them to fail.

　　安裝螺口閥門時(shí)，應(yīng)將密封填料（線麻加鋁油或聚四氟乙烯生料帶），包在管子螺紋上，不要弄到閥門里，以免閥內(nèi)存積，影響介質(zhì)流通。

　　When installing a screw valve, the sealing packing (wire hemp with aluminum oil or polytetrafluoroethylene raw material tape) should be wrapped around the pipe thread and not get into the valve to avoid accumulation inside the valve and affect the flow of the medium.

　　安裝法蘭閥門時(shí)，要注意對稱均勻地把緊螺栓。閥門法蘭與管子法蘭必須平行，間隙合理，以免閥門產(chǎn)生過大壓力，甚至開裂。對于脆性材料和強(qiáng)度不高的閥門，尤其要注意。須與管子焊接的閥門，應(yīng)先點(diǎn)焊，再將關(guān)閉件全開，然后焊死。

　　When installing flange valves, pay attention to tightening the bolts symmetrically and evenly. The valve flange and the pipe flange must be parallel with a reasonable gap to avoid excessive pressure and even cracking of the valve. Special attention should be paid to brittle materials and valves with low strength. Valves that need to be welded to pipes should be spot welded first, then the closing parts should be fully opened, and finally welded.

　　3保護(hù)措施

　　3 protective measures

　　有些閥門還須有外部保護(hù)，這就是保溫和保冷。保溫層內(nèi)有時(shí)還要加拌熱蒸汽管線。什么樣的閥門應(yīng)該保溫或保冷，要根據(jù)生產(chǎn)要求而定。

　　Some valves also require external protection, which is insulation and cold insulation. Sometimes hot steam pipelines need to be added to the insulation layer. What kind of valve should be insulated or refrigerated depends on production requirements.

　　原則地說，凡閥內(nèi)介質(zhì)降低溫度過多，會(huì)影響生產(chǎn)效率或凍壞閥門，就需要保溫，甚至拌熱；凡閥門裸露，對生產(chǎn)不利或引起結(jié)霜等不良現(xiàn)象時(shí)，就需要保冷。保溫材料有石棉，礦渣棉、玻璃棉、珍珠巖，硅藻土、蛭石等；保冷材料有軟木、珍珠巖、泡沫、塑料等。

　　In principle, if the temperature of the medium inside the valve decreases too much, it will affect production efficiency or freeze the valve, and insulation or even mixing heat is needed; When the valve is exposed, which is detrimental to production or causes adverse phenomena such as frosting, it is necessary to keep it cold. Thermal insulation materials include asbestos, slag wool, glass wool, perlite, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite, etc; Cold insulation materials include cork, perlite, foam, plastic, etc.

　　4旁路和儀表

　　4. Bypass and Instrumentation

　　有的閥門，除了必要的保護(hù)設(shè)施外，還要有旁路和儀表。安裝了旁路。便于疏水閥檢修。其他閥門，也有安裝旁路的。是否安裝旁路，要看閥門狀況，重要性和生產(chǎn)上的要求而定。

　　Some valves, in addition to necessary protective facilities, also require bypass and instrumentation. A bypass has been installed. Easy to maintain the drain valve. Other valves also have bypass installed. Whether to install a bypass depends on the condition, importance, and production requirements of the valve.

　　5填料更換

　　5 Packing replacement

　　庫存閥門，有的填料已不好使，有的與使用介質(zhì)不符，這就需要換填料。

　　Inventory valves, some of the packing is no longer working properly, and some do not match the medium used, which requires replacement of the packing.

　　閥門制作廠無法考慮使用單位千門萬類的不同介質(zhì)，填料函內(nèi)總是裝填普通盤根，但使用時(shí)，必須讓填料于介質(zhì)相適應(yīng)。

　　Valve manufacturers cannot consider using different media of thousands of types per unit. The packing box is always filled with ordinary packing, but when using it, the packing must be adapted to the medium.

　　在更換填料時(shí)，要一圈一圈地壓入。每圈接縫以45度為宜，圈與圈接開180度。填料高度要考慮壓蓋繼續(xù)壓緊的余地，現(xiàn)時(shí)又要讓壓蓋下部壓填料室適當(dāng)深度，此深度一般可為填料室總深度的10-20%。對于要求高的閥門，接縫角度為30度。圈與圈之間接縫錯(cuò)開120度。

　　When replacing the packing, press it in circle by circle. It is advisable to have a 45 degree joint for each circle, with a 180 degree gap between circles. The height of the packing should consider the room for further compression of the gland, and now it is necessary to allow the lower part of the gland to press the packing chamber to an appropriate depth, which can generally be 10-20% of the total depth of the packing chamber. For valves with high requirements, the joint angle is 30 degrees. The seams between the circles are staggered by 120 degrees.

　　除上述填料之外，還可根據(jù)具體情況，采用橡膠O形環(huán)（天然橡膠耐60攝氏度以下弱堿，丁晴橡膠耐80攝氏度以下油晶，氟橡膠耐150攝氏度以下多種腐蝕介質(zhì)）三件疊式聚四氟乙烯圈（耐200攝氏度以下強(qiáng)腐蝕介質(zhì)）尼龍碗狀圈（耐120攝氏度一下氨、堿）等成形填料。

　　In addition to the above-mentioned fillers, rubber O-rings (natural rubber resistant to weak alkali below 60 degrees Celsius, nitrile rubber resistant to oil crystals below 80 degrees Celsius, fluororubber resistant to various corrosive media below 150 degrees Celsius), three piece stacked polytetrafluoroethylene rings (resistant to strong corrosive media below 200 degrees Celsius), nylon bowl shaped rings (resistant to ammonia and alkali below 120 degrees Celsius) and other shaped fillers can also be used according to specific situations.

　　在普通石棉盤根外面，包一層聚四氟乙烯生料帶，能提高密封效果，減輕閥桿的電化學(xué)腐蝕。在壓緊調(diào)料時(shí)，要同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)閥桿，以保持四周均勻，并防止太死，擰緊壓蓋要用力均勻，不可傾斜。

　　Wrap a layer of PTFE tape around the ordinary asbestos packing to improve the sealing effect and reduce the electrochemical corrosion of the valve stem. When tightening the seasoning, the valve stem should be rotated simultaneously to maintain uniformity around and prevent it from becoming too tight. The pressure cap should be tightened evenly and not tilted.

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